The advancement of Sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks and the Internet of Things (IoT) have underscored the critical need for energy-efficient communication technologies. The limitations of traditional wireless systems are growing due to their high power consumption, limited battery capacity, and limited spectrum. In order to tackle these challenges, the research proposes a novel hybrid system model that combines relay-assisted transmission, backscatter communication (BackCom) and energy harvesting (EH). We derive closed-form expressions for the outage probability (OP) of both the conventional and backscatter-assisted communication links under generalized fading environments. These expressions are obtained using accurate approximation techniques, including high-SNR assumptions and Gaussian-Chebyshev quadrature. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to validate the analytical results and provide deeper insights into the system’s performance. This approach provides a promising direction for developing spectrum-efficient and self-sustaining wireless networks in future IoT and 6G applications.