Optimal operation of battery energy storage system in microgrid to minimize electricity cost based on model predictive control using coyote algorithm

Optimal operation of battery energy storage system (BESS) in the microgrid systems is an effective solution to exploit the efficiency of highly uncertain renewable energy sources. This article presents a model for optimal operation of BESS in the microgrid system using a metaheuristic algorithm to reduce the cost of electricity purchased from the grid. The microgrid model includes grid source, load, photovoltaic system (PVS), wind turbine (WT) and BESS that are built using the Simulink model based on model predictive control. The data of load, radiation, wind speed, and electricity price are updated every 15 min. At each interval during the day, the coyote algorithm (COA) is adjusted to find the optimal power for the BESS. The considered cases include the microgrid without BESS, the microgrid with BESS operated using the heuristic approach based on power difference between generation sources and load demand, and the microgrid with BESS operated to minimize energy costs using the COA and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms. The results show that the proposed model allows to evaluate the optimal BESS operation problem in microgrid with data of load, PVS, WT and BESS updated over each sampled time. In terms of energy cost minimization, the COA-based BESS operation method helps reduce electricity cost by 63.76 % compared to the case without BESS. The electricity cost reduction of COA is 13.22 % and 47.38 % higher than that of PSO and the heuristic algorithm, respectively. In case of environmental parameter variation, the proposed method is also reduced 35.98 % of electricity cost compared to the case without BESS and higher 7.60 % and 27.59 % higher than that of the PSO and heuristic methods. The comparison results between the two metaheuristic methods of COA and PSO show that COA often achieves better results than PSO in determining power value for BESS in each interval of the day. Therefore, the optimal BESS operation model in the microgrid based on Simulink model and method of determining the optimal BESS power at each interval of the survey day using the COA algorithm is an effective solution to evaluate the operation efficiency of BESS in the microgrid systems. Furthermore, COA is also a high-performance algorithm for optimizing BESS power at each interval of the survey period.