ZnO particles as scattering centers to optimize color production and lumen efficiencies of warm white LEDs

This research integrates ZnO particles as essential scattering components within a remote phosphor structure, specifically designed to enhance the performance of warm white LEDs tailored for lighting applications. In this endeavor, an additional layer of red phosphor is intricately incorporated alongside the yellow-phosphor film, wherein the ZnO concentration ranges from 0 wt% to 50 wt%. The study evaluates a spectrum of parameters including scattering properties, lumen output, spatial color distribution consistency (or color uniformity), and chromatic reproduction efficiency. The assessments are simulationbased works carried out with LightTools and MATLAB programs, employing Mie theory in scattering. The findings distinctly underscore the pivotal role of determining optimal ZnO concentrations, which not only contribute to achieving commendable brightness in white light and robust color rendering capabilities but also significantly enhance color uniformity within the illuminated spectrum. This exploration provides invaluable insights into the delicate balance and critical role of ZnO concentration in shaping the overall performance of warm white LED structures for practical lighting applications.