Production and utilization aspects of waste cooking oil based biodiesel in Pakistan

Excessive fuel demand thrusts the Pakistani government to import large volumes of fuel from foreign sources, creating adverse effects on the country's economy. Therefore, exploring an alternative to fossil fuels is unavoidable. The option of environmentally friendly fuel like biodiesel produced from indigenous waste is an additional bonus for the populous developing country like Pakistan where likelihood of waste generation is huge. There exists a potential option for sustainable biodiesel production utilizing excessive waste cooking oil available in the country which otherwise is an ecological burden. The present work is focused to sturdily vindicate the appropriateness of waste cooking oil-based biodiesel generation and utilization in Pakistan through SWOT-AHP, TOWS and PESTLE analysis. The prioritization of SWOT through AHP in view of experts' perception displayed the strengths and opportunities in highest group priority values (Strengths: 0.51, Opportunities: 0.29). Furthermore, TOWS analysis suggests promising strategies for the sustainable implementation of commercial aspect of waste oil-based biodiesel in Pakistan. Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental (PESTLE) analysis favors the strengths and opportunities factors of SWOT and TOWS strategies for the application of waste cooking oil based biodiesel in country. At the end, regional recommendations have been provided for the implementation of biodiesel production scenario in country. Ó 2021 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier BV on behalf of Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University. This is an open access article under the CC BY license